c-compiler/src/typechecker.cpp

#include "typechecker.h"
#include "ast.h"
#include "errors.h"
#include "result.h"

namespace {
    enum class TypecheckRes {
        Ok,
        Castable,
    };

    Result<TypecheckRes, std::string> check_type(std::shared_ptr<types::Type> checked, std::shared_ptr<types::Type> target) {
        if (types::types_equal(checked, target)) {
            return TypecheckRes::Ok;
        }

        return std::string{ "Types " + checked->formatted() + " and " + target->formatted() + " incompatible" };
    }

    std::unique_ptr<AST::Expression> handle_res(
        std::unique_ptr<AST::Expression> expr,
        Result<TypecheckRes, std::string> res,
        typecheck::State& state) {
        if (res.ok()) {
            auto result = res.unwrap();
            if (result == TypecheckRes::Ok) {
                return expr;
            }
            else {
                state.errors.push_back(CompileError("Casting not yet implemented", expr->m_meta));
                return expr;
            }
        }
        else {
            state.errors.push_back(CompileError(res.unwrap_err(), expr->m_meta));
            return expr;
        }
    }
}

namespace AST {
    std::shared_ptr<types::Type> IntLiteralExpression::typecheck(
        typecheck::State&,
        typecheck::Scope&,
        std::optional<std::shared_ptr<types::Type>>
    ) {
        return std::shared_ptr<types::Type>{
            new types::FundamentalType{ types::FundamentalTypeKind::Int }
        };
    }

    std::shared_ptr<types::Type> StringLiteralExpression::typecheck(
        typecheck::State&,
        typecheck::Scope&,
        std::optional<std::shared_ptr<types::Type>>
    ) {
        auto char_ty = std::shared_ptr<types::Type>{
            new types::FundamentalType{ types::FundamentalTypeKind::Char }
        };
        auto ptr_ty = new types::PointerType{ char_ty };
        return std::shared_ptr<types::Type>{ptr_ty};
    }

    std::shared_ptr<types::Type> ValueReferenceExpression::typecheck(
        typecheck::State& state,
        typecheck::Scope& scope,
        std::optional<std::shared_ptr<types::Type>>
    ) {
        if (scope.symbols.find(this->m_name) != scope.symbols.end()) {
            return scope.symbols[this->m_name];
        }

        state.errors.push_back(CompileError("Value " + this->m_name + " not defined", this->m_meta));
        return std::shared_ptr<types::Type>{
            new types::FundamentalType{ types::FundamentalTypeKind::Void }
        };
    }

    std::shared_ptr<types::Type> BinaryOperationExpression::typecheck(
        typecheck::State& state,
        typecheck::Scope& scope,
        std::optional<std::shared_ptr<types::Type>>
    ) {
        auto lhs_ty = this->m_lhs->typecheck(state, scope, {});
        auto rhs_ty = this->m_rhs->typecheck(state, scope, {});

        if (this->m_binop == types::BinOp::Assignment) {
            return lhs_ty;
        }

        auto binop = types::find_binop(
            state.binops,
            lhs_ty,
            this->m_binop,
            rhs_ty
        );

        if (binop) {
            return binop->result;
        }

        // TODO check for binops that may be implicitly castable

        state.errors.push_back(CompileError(
            "No suitable binop between "
            + lhs_ty->formatted() + " "
            + types::format_operator(this->m_binop) + " "
            + rhs_ty->formatted(),
            this->m_meta));

        return std::shared_ptr<types::Type>{
            new types::FundamentalType{ types::FundamentalTypeKind::Void } };
    }

    std::shared_ptr<types::Type> FunctionCallExpression::typecheck(
        typecheck::State& state,
        typecheck::Scope& scope,
        std::optional<std::shared_ptr<types::Type>>
    ) {
        auto expr_ty = this->m_fn_expr->typecheck(state, scope, {});

        if (expr_ty->m_kind != types::TypeKind::Function) {
            state.errors.push_back(CompileError("Tried calling a non-function", this->m_meta));
            return std::shared_ptr<types::Type> {
                new types::FundamentalType{ types::FundamentalTypeKind::Void }
            };
        }

        auto fn_ty = dynamic_cast<types::FunctionType*>(expr_ty.get());

        if (this->m_args.size() < fn_ty->m_param_tys.size()) {
            state.errors.push_back(CompileError("too few arguments", this->m_meta));
        }
        else if (this->m_args.size() > fn_ty->m_param_tys.size() && !fn_ty->m_vararg) {
            state.errors.push_back(CompileError("too many arguments", this->m_meta));
        }
        else {
            for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(this->m_args.size()); i++) {
                if (i < static_cast<int>(fn_ty->m_param_tys.size())) {
                    auto expected_param_ty = fn_ty->m_param_tys[i];
                    auto param_ty = this->m_args[i]->typecheck(state, scope, expected_param_ty);

                    auto check_res = check_type(param_ty, expected_param_ty);
                    this->m_args[i] = handle_res(std::move(this->m_args[i]), check_res, state);
                }
                else {
                    this->m_args[i]->typecheck(state, scope, {});
                }
            }
        }

        return fn_ty->m_ret_ty;
    }

    void ReturnStatement::typecheck(typecheck::State& state, typecheck::Scope& scope) {
        auto res_ty = this->m_expr->typecheck(state, scope, scope.return_ty);
        if (scope.return_ty) {
            auto check_res = check_type(res_ty, *scope.return_ty);
            this->m_expr = handle_res(std::move(this->m_expr), check_res, state);
        }
    }

    void InitializationStatement::typecheck(typecheck::State& state, typecheck::Scope& scope) {
        if (this->m_expr) {
            (*this->m_expr)->typecheck(state, scope, this->m_type);
        }
        scope.symbols[this->m_name] = this->m_type;
    }

    void ExpressionStatement::typecheck(typecheck::State& state, typecheck::Scope& scope) {
        this->m_expr->typecheck(state, scope, {});
    }

    void IfStatement::typecheck(typecheck::State& state, typecheck::Scope& scope) {
        auto bool_ty = std::shared_ptr<types::Type>{
            new types::FundamentalType{ types::FundamentalTypeKind::Bool } };
        auto expr_ty = this->m_condition->typecheck(state, scope, bool_ty);

        auto check_res = check_type(expr_ty, bool_ty);
        this->m_condition = handle_res(std::move(this->m_condition), check_res, state);

        this->m_then->typecheck(state, scope);
        if (this->m_else) {
            (*this->m_else)->typecheck(state, scope);
        }
    }

    void Function::typecheck(typecheck::State& state, typecheck::Scope& scope) {
        auto return_ty = this->m_return_ty;
        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<types::Type>> param_tys{};
        for (auto& param : this->m_params) {
            param_tys.push_back(param.second);
        }

        auto function_ty = new types::FunctionType{ return_ty, param_tys, this->m_is_vararg };
        scope.symbols[this->m_name] = std::shared_ptr<types::Type>{ function_ty };

        typecheck::Scope inner{ scope };
        inner.return_ty = return_ty;

        for (auto& param : this->m_params) {
            if (param.first) {
                inner.symbols[*param.first] = param.second;
            }
        }

        if (this->m_statements) {
            for (auto& statement : *this->m_statements) {
                statement->typecheck(state, inner);
            }
        }
    }
}